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同义句转换是英语句型转换的一种重要形式，也是中考命题的一个热点。该题型主要考查同学们对英语词汇、句型的掌握情况和灵活运用的能力。其特点是涉及面广、语言点多、方式灵活、要求较高、难度较大。为了帮助同学们掌握一些同义句转换题型解题技巧，现将常见的同义句转换形式作一归纳：
一、用同义词（近义词）或词组改写
做此题型时，我们可以采用“词语替代法”，此法是指用词性相同的同义词、近义词或同义词组对原句的某些成分进行简单的替代，而句子结构保持不变。因此，我们在学习过程中要掌握尽可能多的同义词（组），如：be able to，can；arrive in（at），reach，get to；be good at，do well in；have a good time，enjoy oneself；look after，take care of；over，more than等等。具体运用时，还要注意它们在句中的位置，形式与转换后句中其他部分的相应变化。例如：
1．Every day，Wang Zhizhi receives emails from thousands of basketball fans．
Every day，Wang Zhizhi _______ _______ thousands of basketball fans．
2．They will get to London in four days．
They will _______ _______ London in four days．
答案：1．hears from 2．arrive in
二、运用反义词或词组改写
英语中有些反义词（组）具有非此即彼的排它性。因此其否定式与其对应的反义词（组）同义。如：same与different ，not same＝ different ，not different＝same ，所以此类反义词（组）的否定式可以用于同义转换。另外，用反义词（组）替换，要注意上下句主语间的互换。例如：
3．The runner couldn t catch up with the others in the race．
The runner _______ _______ the others in the race．
4．Tom borrowed a picture book from the boy just now．
The boy _______ a picture book _______ Tom just now．
答案：3．fell behind 4．lent；to
三、用派生词或一词多义改写
此类题型可采用“词类转换法”，利用某些派生词或词性相异的词组来代替原句中的某些成分。此时句子结构会发生一些变化。例如：
5．The snow was heavy last night．
It _______ _______ last night．
6．The foreigners have visited the Great Wall．
The foreigners have been _______ _______ _______ to the Great Wall．
答案：5．snowed heavily 6．on a visit
四、用同义句型改写
该类题型是指利用意义相同或相近，但结构不同的句型、句式来表达同一句意的方法。此类变化常见的句型有：（1）not as…as…与比较级的变化；（2）than any other与最高级的变化；（3）when（after ，before）引导的从句与not…until…的变化；（4）瞬间动词 come，go，leave，buy，die，begin，borrow…）的过去时与含有段时间状语的完成时的变化；（5）cost，spend on与pay for的变化等等。例如：
7．She spent 30dollars on the English- Chinese dictionary．
The English-Chinese dictionary _______ _______ 30 dollars．
8．How clever the man is！
_______ _______ clever man he is ！
9．How old are you ？
_______ your _______ ？
10．We came home when it was six o clock．
We _______ _______ home _______ it was six o clock．
答案：7．cost her 8．What a 9．What s； age 10．didn t come；until（before）
五、二合一并成简单句
二合一也叫“合并分句法”，此法就是把两个并列句中成分相同的部分合并起来，使其成为一个简单句。常用的连词有：neither．．．nor．．．，either．．．or．．．，both．．．and．．．，not only．．．but also．．．，其中由neither ．．．nor．．．，either．．．or，notonly．．．but also．．．等连接的并列主语，通常遵循就近原则，即谓语需与后面的那个主语保持一致。另外，还可以使用too…to，enough to等含有不定式的结构把两个句子合并成一个分句。例如：
11．He hasn t been to France．She hasn t been to France，either．
_______ he _______ she _______ been to France．
12．Mrs．Smith is my teacher．She is also my good friend．
Mrs．Smith is _______ _______ my teacher _______ _______ my good friend．
13．The room isn t very big．It can t hold a lot of people．
This room isn t _______ _______ _______ hold so many people．
答案：11．Neither；nor；has 12．not only； but also 13．big enough to
六、简单句与复合句的互换
复合句转化为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组，使其句意简单明了。常见的转换方法有：（1）用不定式替换、用介词短语替换、用名词短语替换、用分词性短语替换；（2）将宾语从句简化为“疑问词＋不定式”；（3）将so…that…（such…that…）引导的状语从句简化为含有too…to…（或enough to）的简单句；（4）if引导的状语从句简化为“祈使句，and（or）＋句子”。例如：
14．I hope that I can see you soon．
I hope _______ _______ you soon．
15．Please tell me where we show our tickets．
Please tell me _______ _______ _______ our tickets．
16．If you don t hurry up ，you ll miss the early bus．
_______ _______ ， _______ you won t _______ the early bus．
简单句变为复合句，一般是把宾语扩大为宾语从句，其宾语从句应该用将来时或“情态动词＋动词原形”的形式。例如：
17．Could you tell me how to get to the post office ？
Could you tell me how _______ _______ _______ to the post office？
答案：14．to see 15．where to show 16．Hurry up；or；catch 17．I can get
七、用it作形式主语进行转换
不定式的动作发出者一般是句子的主语，但有时却不是，这时不定式常会带上自己的逻辑主语，这一主语常用for引出。例如：
18．He can finish the work easily．
_______ _______ _______ for him _______ finish the work．
答案：18．It is easy；to
八、语态之间的转换
语态之间的转换主要用于主动语态和被动语态之间的变化。例如：
19．Your classroom must be cleaned every day．
You _______ _______ your classroom every day．
答案：19．must clean
九、综合转换
综合转换是在整体把握句意的基础上，对原句重新进行概括表达，它在词汇、结构等多方面都有较大的变化。例如：
20．Something is wrong with that machine．
That machine _______ _______ ．
答案：20．doesn t work
［实战演练］
1．Bike is short for bicycle．
Bike is _______ _______ _______ saying bicycle．
2．It took Mary an hour to do her homework last night．
Mary _______ an hour _______ her homework last night．
3．They made him work 12hours a day．
He _______ _______ _______ _______ 12 hours a day．
4．I am a League member．He is a League member，too．
_______ he _______ I _______ League members．
5．He is so young that he can t join the army．
He is _______ young _______ _______ the army．
6．The player smiled and jumped into the river．
The player jumped into the river _______ _______ _______ ．
7．MrBrown left London six years ago．
MrBrown _______ _______ _______ _______ London for six years．
8．The earth is bigger than the moon．
The moon is _______ _______ _______ _______ the earth．
9．He is one of my friends．
He is a friend _______ _______ ．
10．The teacher told us that we would not meet at the school gate．
The teacher told us _______ _______ _______ at the school gate．
11．My mother went to Tonghua last week，and she hasn t come back yet．
My mother _______ _______ _______ Tonghua．
12．Mr．Smith is working．
Mr．Smith is _______ _______ ．
13．Shall we meet at half past two ？
What _______ _______ at half past two ？
14．The tree is so tall that we can t reach it．
The tree is _______ tall for us _______ reach．
15．The children are wearing beautiful clothes．
The children are _______ beautiful clothes．
16．Li Lei mended the bike．
The bike _______ _______ by Li Lei．
17．It s good for your health to take exercise often．
_______ exercise often can make you _______ ．
18．They knew something about it only after you told them．
They knew _______ about it _______ you told them．
19．Bill did better than Lin Tao．
Lin Tao _______ _______ so _______ as Bill．
20．Which month do you like best ？
Which _______ your _______ month？
21．I have something to tell you．It s interesting．
I have _______ _______ to tell you．
22．I saw them playing basketball there．
I saw _______ they _______ _______ basketball there．
23．Listen carefully ，and you ll get interested．
_______ _______ listen carefully，you ll get interested．
24．She has been a nurse for five years．
It _______ _______ _______ _______ she became a nurse．
25．All are here ，but our English teacher isn t．
_______ is here _______ our English teacher．
26．They like to surf and nothing can stop them．
Surfing _______ _______ is and nothing can make them to．
27．The boy s teacher was very proud of him in class．
The boy s teacher _______ _______ of him in class．
28．It was so interesting a film that all of us saw it twice．
It was _______ _______ interesting _______ that all of us saw it twice．
29．They left Tonghua an hour ago．
They have _______ _______ _______ Tonghua for an hour．
30．You won t move that stone ，however strong you are．
You won t move that stone， _______ _______ _______ strong you are．
31．Not all sharks are alike．
Some sharks are _______ _______ ，but some are _______ ．
32．My brother joined the army when he was 20．
My brother joined the army _______ _______ _______ _______ 20．
33．Why don t you go to the museum this afternoon？
_______ _______ _______ to the museum this afternoon ？
34．Mother was busy with some housework when I got home．
Mother was _______ _______ some housework when I got home．
35．The boy wanted a little milk to drink．
The boy wanted _______ _______ _______ milk to drink．
Key:
1．another way of 2．spent；on 3．was made to work 4．Both，and，are 5．too；to join 6．with a smile 7．has been away from 8．notas／so big as 9．of mine 10．not to meet 11．has gone to 12．at work 13．about meeting 14．too；to 15．in 16．was mended 17．Taking ；healthy／ strong 18．nothing；until／before 19．didn t do；well 20．is；favourite 21．something interesting 22．that；were playing 23．If you 24．is five years since 25．Everyone／ Everybody，except／but 26．so great ；give it up 27．spoke highly 28．such an；film 29．been away from 30．no matter how 31．the same ；not 32．at the age of 33．Why not go 34．busy doing 35．a bit of
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